Shore fly
substrate. Growers consider shore flies to be mostly a nuisance pest, but the insects can act as vectors for disease organisms, such as Fusarium , among both [...] through three larval stages and then pupate inside the final larval skin (forming a protective puparium). The puparia can be found on or just below the soil [...] General Shore flies of the genus Scatella are a common greenhouse pest found throughout the United States, Canada and northern Mexico. In Europe and Asia