Black bean aphid
January 1, 1970
occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. Life cycle and appearance [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized