Diamond back moth

the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) are initially yellow or pale green and later darken. They are deposited singly or in small groups of two or [...] in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) are covered with a white, loose, silken [...] edge. In females, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are light ochreous and the markings are like those of the males. The back is marked with a broad

Citrus mealybug

females of Planococcus citri are 2.5 - 4 mm long and 2 - 3 mm in breadth. Seen dorsally, they have an oval form; they are soft and covered with a fine [...] longitudinal stripe running over the body. The adult males are short lived and can be hard to spot. They are smaller than the females, have two pairs of wings and [...] threads. Once the eggs are laid, the female shrivels up and dies. The first instar nymph develops from the egg. These first instar nymphs are known as ‘crawlers’

About bumblebees

and protected environments Bumblebees are easy to use and require low maintenance Bumblebees are safe since they are not aggressive Bumblebees include lower [...] Effective pollinators Bumblebees are known to be easy, efficient and reliable pollinators. These are the benefits of bumblebees: Bumblebees provide maximum [...] honeybees Bumblebees are active at low temperatures near 10°C, while honeybees become active at higher temperatures Bumblebees are active on cloudy, foggy

Broad mite

and cyclamen are also affected. Outside in temperate climates, broad mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to [...] elongated, oval eggs are firmly attached to the surface and are rather large (about 0.07 mm) compared with the subsequent, active stages. They are transparent and [...] cells are killed, deformed corky patches frequently appear causing misshapen fruits that often crack open at the site of deformation. Flowers are often

Cannabis aphid

cannabis aphids are between 1.8–2.7 mm long. They are normally wingless but a winged form appears in late summer. Early in the season, the aphids are nearly colourless [...] , and affected plants are damaged by the loss of this vital fluid. The following damage symptoms may be observed when plants are infested with Phorodon [...] these are two short knobs (antennal tubercles). Their cornicles (the pair of small, upright, backward-pointing tubes on the aphid's rear end) are white

Cabbage moth

The eggs are initially light and translucent, becoming steadily darker until they are a brown-black or sometimes even a purple colour. They are ridged and [...] marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous spot in the middle. Head and thorax are grey-brown with white spots, and the [...] of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they were laid. From the

Chrysoperla carnea

seriously impaired by the presence of leaf hairs. The larvae are not easily observed and are mainly active at night, sheltering under the plant or the rim [...] lacewing eggs are small, oval-shaped, and usually laid individually or in small clusters on plant foliage or near prey habitats. They are pale green or [...] white in color and are attached to the substrate by a slender stalk. Larval stage: Green lacewing larvae of Chrysoperla carnea are 2-10 mm long. They have

Shore fly

the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar larvae are brownish, less translucent [...] habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting material. Shore flies are commonly found in greenhouses. Damage symptoms Shore flies ( Scatella tenuicosta) [...] translucent and their body is cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to

Spotted Wing Drosophila

drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be easily [...] into the fruit. Eggs are white, 0.6 long and 0.2 mm wide. Each egg has two respiratory tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars [...] instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii are tan-brown and 3 mm long. Contrary to other Drosophila species

Glasshouse potato aphid

appearance. Antennae are marked by a number of darker bands, and their length exceeds that of the body. The legs are also long, there are two distinctive dark [...] glasshouse potato aphid manifests both anholocyclic (no eggs are laid) and holocyclic (winter eggs are produced) lifecycles. There is no alternation of hosts [...] and curled leaf margins. The immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow patches. Heavy yellowing may