• A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

  insects in their organic farming approach. By introducing predatory mites and other beneficial insects, Lukas has witnessed a boost in confidence in the ecosystem [...] learn new techniques, and conduct numerous tests, highlighting the dynamic nature of embracing change in the agricultural landscape. As Lukas steers his [...] resilience and innovation in the face of change, acknowledging the importance of learning from both setbacks and triumphs in this evolving process. Beneficial

• Thripex-Mini

  exit hole. Place sachets in sheltered positions on the crop (no direct sunlight). Measures improving the moisture balance in the sachets, such as placing [...] insert sachets into the center of the container at time of hanging. Installing in the middle of the plants (shaded) and with the bottom edge of the sachet touching [...] supplier prior to using Thripex and it is recommended to carry out a small field test to monitor the effects. Best working conditions The predatory mite is not

• Black leg of seedlings

  spreads most rapidly in wet conditions with a high (>70%) water content of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around [...] around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, [...] are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature

• Crane flies

  overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become active again and feed voraciously when the soil begins [...] Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown in colour. Larvae [...] pupal case can be found sticking out above the soil surface. Adult common crane flies emerge from the soil in late summer to fall, and females mate and lay

• Phytophthora blight

  infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate [...] and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since the zoospores can readily [...] They thrive at soil temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected

• Damping-off

  higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] spreads most rapidly in wet conditions with a high water content ( > 70%) of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved [...] around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic,

• Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Hypoaspis miles)

  sciarid flies (fungus gnats), thrips pupae and other soil-dwelling insects. The mites appear in and on the soil and at the base of plant stems and offer a sustainable [...] larvae of sciarid flies , thrips pupae and other soil-dwelling insects. The mites appear in and on the soil and at the base of plant stems. The reduction [...] generalist predator. In addition to soil-dwelling thrips stages, it also feeds on fly larvae, mites, springtails, nematodes and other small soil-dwelling organisms

• Fusarium wilt

  substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage [...] vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years to [...] to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled

• Root rot of carrot

  this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil that had been [...] the first to identify and describe the fungus in Norway, in 1965. An infection can occur through the soil and the air. The fungus develops at temperatures [...] walls and aiding in early signal transduction in host-pathogen interactions. Presence of umbelliferous plants: Inoculum can survive in perennial (umbelliferous)

• Click beetles

  grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following spring [...] 6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to [...] of plants. This can cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult Agriotis sp