• Cucumber

  Attracker) in combination with traps ( Deltatrap , Funnel Trap) or sticky traps (Horiver) play a crucial role in monitoring and scouting for plant pests in agriculture [...] Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in cucumber crops Integrated pest management ( IPM ) is of importance in cucumber cultivation, to ensure the health and [...] species like Cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ), Glasshouse potato aphid ( Aulacorthum solani ), Potato aphid ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae ), and Green peach aphid

• Biological Pest Control

  infestations in a greenhouse. Augmentative biological control can provide rapid results and is particularly useful when natural enemies are insufficient in the [...] balance of ecosystems and protect crops without resorting to harmful chemicals. In biological pest control, beneficial organisms like parasitic wasps and predatory [...] microbial insecticides, which are composed of naturally occurring bacteria, viruses, or fungi, can be used to target specific pest species while leaving non-target

• Poultry Red Mite

  Louis encephalitis virus; the Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses; avian influenza A virus; fowl pox virus) as well as bacterial [...] day in cracks and crevices, nests, cribs and roosts, egg conveyor belts, cardboard boxes and transportation cages. They can occasionally be found in clusters [...] operations, it is directly responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in egg industry losses every year. Despite its common names, Dermanyssus gallinae

• Beneficial microorganisms

  microorganisms for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water, and air. These microorganisms [...] biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful pests [...] released into the environment to infect other pests. Advantages of microorganisms in agriculture No harmful residue Unlike chemical pesticides, beneficial mic

• Cabbage moth

  caterpillar varies in colour from green or brown to black. In younger instars, the relatively large head capsule is conspicuous. In older instars, the [...] carnation. It is a species found in Europe, North Africa (Libya, Canary Islands), Japan and sub-tropical Asia, including India. Damage symptoms Large caterpillars [...] kidney-shaped white-rimmed marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous spot in the middle. Head and thorax are grey-brown

• Whitefly

  comparable in outline. Whitefly can be found in many different environments, but they are particularly common in greenhouse settings and in agricultural [...] whitefly Whiteflies are common pests in greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes [...] insects that are typically about 1-2 mm in length. They have a distinctive, triangular shape and hold their wings in a vertical position over their body when

• Phytophthora blight

  optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling [...] On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato tubers, blueish lesions appear, that can be seen through the skin. The Great

• Thrips

  cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions [...] female deposits an egg, she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves [...] thrips Thrips are among the most challenging pests in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and

• Fusarium spp.

  rot of potato): Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Fusarium solani : Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many [...] sulphureum ) causes dry rot of potato. The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation becomes [...] also produce ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop

• Aphilin

  Especially for potato aphid ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae ) and glasshouse potato aphid ( Aulacorthum solani ). It also has an effect on the peach potato aphid ( Myzus [...] action Adult parasitic wasps emerge from the mummies and females lay their eggs in aphids . The next generation of parasitic wasps develops inside the aphid [...] emerges through a hole at the rear of the mummy. The first mummies are noticed in the crop around 2 weeks after the first introduction. Host feeding also takes