• Black leg of seedlings

  Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings fall over (‘ damping-off ’). In slightly older plants [...] subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to [...] most rapidly in wet conditions with a high (>70%) water content of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by

• Powdery mildew

  stomata. Conidia are the main means of dispersal. They are dispersed by wind, as are the ascospores. In general, powdery mildew fungi are not very resistant [...] Damage symptoms Powdery mildew symptoms are fairly similar in all plant-pathogen combinations. The symptoms are white fluffy colonies, first and foremost [...] foremost on the upper side of the leaf. In severe epidemics in cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside

• Fusarium spp.

  whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels, which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may [...] solani : Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops Damage symptoms of Fusarium [...] pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the baking quality of wheat and brewing qualities of barley. Furthermore, mycotoxins are produced, of

• Damping-off

  aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to [...] most rapidly in wet conditions with a high water content ( > 70%) of the soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around

• Mastering the Battle Against Lawn Pests: White Grubs and Leatherjacket Edition

  April 25, 2024

  September in regions like Ontario and Quebec, and between mid-July and early August in British Columbia. Hint: In early spring, white grubs are often targeted [...] spraying in direct sunlight. Spray early in the morning, in the late evening or on a cloudy/rainy day. Avoid combining with chemicals as nematodes are vulnerable [...] become visible on lawns where they are depositing eggs. Typically, this occurs in late July, August, or early fall in most scenarios. Hint: To maintain

• Fusarium wilt

  whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may [...] effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants [...] Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants

• Amazone Plants continues the path of organic cultivation

  plants. In the end, everything more or less turned out fine – the plants in 12 cm pots were sold in 14 cm pots in the summer, and the plants in 14 cm pots [...] spring and in the autumn. Wim van der Meer explains, ‘Koppert is involved in a trial in which we are investigating whether Chrysopa eggs are effective at [...] therefore occur in the greenhouse that only become noticeable once the plants are in the hall. Fantastic results with Swirski-LD The main pests are the Western

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum are wilting and yellowing [...] slime produced from wounds, which is not seen in Clavibacter -infected plants. In tomato, the youngest leaves are affected first. They show signs of wilting [...] quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical

• Root rot of carrot

  n of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil that [...] walls and aiding in early signal transduction in host-pathogen interactions. Presence of umbelliferous plants: Inoculum can survive in perennial (umbelliferous) [...] carrots are a major problem and can lead to significant postharvest losses Several different fungal pathogens cause similar symptoms, which are collectively

• Early blight

  (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection [...] and propagation materials. Practice crop rotation, in particular when spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause