• How to protect bumblebees from heat

  great. We advise growers to protect the hive from direct sunlight and to place it in a cool spot. There are various methods available for growers to do [...] growers. To ensure a positive result, it is crucial to protect to bumblebees from heat. Hot temperatures can significantly impact pollinators' activity and

• How to protect bumblebees in cold

  During the colder months, from half November until half of February, strategic hive placement becomes even more critical. Here are some key tips to ensure [...] pollination activities, rather than regulating the hive's internal climate. Different temperatures can affect the behavior of bumblebees: 8-11 °C: Bumblebees

• Entonem keeps young orchids free from fungus gnats

  fine mist to rinse off nematodes that are on the leaves. A while later, I collect a few drops of drainage water from underneath the treated crop. I examine [...] Their maximum biological approach is clear to see: the company uses ten different beneficials for its two sites in Heemskerk, the Netherlands and its third [...] solution moving to ensure that the composition is homogeneous and the nematodes are distributed adequately and evenly over the crop.’ Important to avoid slower

• Early blight

  distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani [...] temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. [...] and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Early blight Remove crop residues

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  (seed potatoes, cuttings of ornamentals ) from warmer regions. Different races are distinguished with a differing, but overlapping host-range. Race 3 is pretty [...] xylem vessels. In potato, it is tuber-borne. Spread from plant to plant results from bacteria moving from the roots of infected plants to neighbouring plants [...] solanacearum are wilting and yellowing of leaves and stunted plants. Inside, vascular browning is common with bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When

• Fusarium wilt

  oxysporum has many different formae speciales which are each selectively pathogenic on a limited number of crops. Even within one crop, different formae speciales [...] soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and [...] whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations

• Pepino mosaic virus

  also variability among different isolates belonging to the same strain. Although different isolates within one and the same strain are genetically very similar [...] family) that was originally isolated from pepino ( Solanum muricatum ), a South American melon-like fruit. From the season 1999-2000 the virus started [...] viral proteins and the assembly of new virus particles. Four different strains of the virus are known: the Chilean strain (CH2), the European strain (EU)

• Black rot of carrots

  distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation. Species may differ in specific symptoms. Life cycle and appearance of Black [...] erred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves [...] temperatures from 2-4 °C up to 28-30 °C (optimum temperatures lie between 15 and 28 °C) and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet.

• Parasitic wasps

  What are parasitic wasps? Parasitic wasps are small insects that play a crucial role in natural pest control. They are called "parasitic" because they [...] eventually killing it. These wasps are highly specialized, with different species targeting specific pests. They are effective in reducing the population [...] horticulture and agriculture. Unlike chemical pesticides, parasitic wasps are natural and do not harm beneficial insects, animals, or the environment. Benefits

• Aphidoletes aphidimyza

  stics at each stage. Here's how growers can identify the different life stages: Egg Stage: Aphidoletes aphidimyza eggs are tiny and elongated, usually [...] an oval silk cocoon constructed from long sticky threads. The cocoons are covered with small particles of soil and are about 2 mm long. Adult Stage: Adult [...] Start introduction as soon as the first aphids are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 1-10 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated