• Bacterial canker of tomato

  the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the infection. In tomato, growers must either destroy the infected crop entirely [...] tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from infected propagation material. It spreads to other seedlings by touching [...] crop residues like volunteer tubers and potato crop residues. Infected tubers can infect healthy tubers during post-harvest storage. How to prevent Bacterial

• Cottony soft rot

  bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses [...] kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby [...] The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and

• Black rot of carrots

  seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease [...] species, but in general, the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions [...] mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] tion occurs. Infected glumes and kernels become white, due to dehydration, and later turn pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the [...] Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens, which can only infect wounded or stressed host plants

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  temperature is low, infection may remain latent until conditions are more favourable. This makes it more difficult to recognize infected fields. How to prevent [...] oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens rapidly. Leaves remain [...] remain green after wilting, until they are completely desiccated. Infected stems show long, dark brown streaks. The vascular tissue in the tubers becomes

• Early blight

  species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions [...] mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, up to eight years for several [...] of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection also takes place via wounds. After infection, galls are formed which break [...] and tumours on underground plant parts and on the crown. Furthermore, infection is characterized by excessive root growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse [...] appearance of Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that

• Root rot of carrot

  Rhexocercosporidium carotae is a slow-growing fungus that can infect both roots and foliage. The infection starts with small black spots over the entire surface [...] which can be infected by Rhexocercosporidium carotae . Pre-storage treatments to harden the periderm and heal wounds may help control infections. Additionally [...] to be sharply defined, but under a magnifying glass it appears that the infected area radiates into the healthy tissue. The spots can increase in number

• Grey mould

  the fruit. In potted plants, the cuttings die due to carry-over infection from infected parent plants. Life cycle and appearance of Grey mould Spores of [...] because from these leaves the stems are infected, possibly killing the entire plant maintain a higher RH once stem infection is present, since more plants die [...] cells and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable

• Phytophthora blight

  overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root [...] content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual [...] root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The