• Larvanem

  Brown chafer (Serica brunnea) ; Anoxia villosa Dung beetles ( Aphodius spp.) Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae): Flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp.) Caterpillars (

• Plant Pollinator interactions in high temperatures

  to which the grower often responds by removing a head leaf. In this case, removing the head leaf may worsen the problem as it allows direct radiation to