• Phytophthora blight

  growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia [...] germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and

• Apple sawfly

  sawfly damage include: Crescent-shaped egg-laying scars on young fruit Surface feeding scars on developing fruitlets Tunnels inside fruit caused by larval [...] orchards for: Adult sawflies during bloom Egg-laying scars on young fruit Surface feeding scars on fruitlets Premature fruit drop Larval feeding damage Biological [...] nematodes contribute to long-term population suppression while reducing reliance on conventional insecticides.

• Green apple aphid

  Stunted or twisted shoot growth Sticky honeydew deposits on leaves and fruit Sooty mold development on honeydew covered surfaces Reduced tree vigor and restricted [...] pomi) is a common aphid species in apple orchards. Both nymphs and adults feed on young leaves and shoots, reducing tree vigor and affecting shoot development [...] aphid Overwintering Green apple aphid overwinters as small, shiny black eggs on apple trees, typically laid around buds, branch forks, and young twigs. Spring

• Black rot of carrots

  species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several [...] radicina ) causes death of seedlings and dark brown lesions with a yellow halo on leaves, growing into crown rot. Infection of carrots during post-harvest storage [...] storage causes dry, sunken, black lesions. Typically, Alternaria causes spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  the plants may show signs of stunting and produce many adventitious roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is [...] temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades the plants through wounds or stomata [...] cutting knives and tools Control root rot nematodes as the wounds they make on roots help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes for propagation

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the

• Apple rust mite

  rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) is a microscopic eriophyid mite that feeds on the leaves and developing fruit of apple trees. Because of its small size [...] ng Apple rust mite overwinters mainly as adult females in protected sites on the tree, particularly beneath bud scales and in bark crevices. Spring activity [...] during the growing season. Eggs hatch into young mites that begin feeding on leaves and fruit, and generations can overlap as populations increase. Because

• Black leg of seedlings

  fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical [...] where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the [...] plants. How to prevent Black leg of seedlings Use resistant cultivars or graft on tolerant cultivars Use clean planting material Ensure regular growth Avoid

• Damping-off

  fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical [...] where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the [...] not harm plants. How to prevent Damping-off Use resistant cultivars or graft on tolerant cultivars Use clean planting material Ensure regular growth Avoid

• Impatiens thrips

  Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found on both upper- and [...] from egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides [...] sweet pepper , cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage