Bugs

puncturing leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking mouthparts and extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes [...] insects, containing both harmful and beneficial species. Heteropteran bugs are insects which have flattened bodies and fold their wings flat over their [...] an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in a

Phytophthora blight

es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

Glasshouse potato aphid

potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the [...] immediately start to feed on plant sap and grow rapidly. When reproduction is sexual, the aphids lay eggs that overwinter. In greenhouses reproduction [...] squat, of medium size (1.8 - 3.0 mm long) and oval in shape. It has a light yellow-green to brown-green colour, and has an overall shiny appearance. Antennae

Broad mite

other mite family. There are species that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can [...] but is slightly smaller and has only three pairs of legs. The emerging adult mite is roughly 0.2 mm long, oval and broad, and pale yellow or yellow-green [...] peppers, but also aubergine, tomato and cucumber. Additionally, many ornamental crops such as azalea, begonia, gerbera and cyclamen are also affected. Outside

Sciarid flies

plant material and on algae and fungi present in the soil. They, however, can also feed on root hairs, rootlets, and tender root, stem and leaf tissue. Later [...] cuttings and other young growing plant material. Damage symptoms The larvae of sciarid flies feed mainly on organic remains and the fungi that grow on them [...] habitats and are attracted to a broad range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms for oviposition. Indirect damage is caused by the larvae and adults

Grey mould

Botrytis cinerea ) is a necrotrophic fungus, meaning that it excretes compounds that kill the plant cells and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients [...] infected after abortion and then provide a large amount of inoculum Extra Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the [...] environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil. Damage symptoms

Leaf miners

other crop pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this [...] only eleven are truly polyphagous. The species that cause most damage all belong to the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate regions. Find solutions [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic

Protected vegetables

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a comprehensive and sustainable approach to pest and disease management that has revolutionized modern agriculture. In the [...] ensuring both crop health and environmental sustainability. Understanding IPM IPM is a holistic and proactive strategy that goes beyond the conventional [...] quality and yield: IPM practices, such as regular scouting for pests and diseases, help identify issues early, allowing for timely interventions and preserving

Two-spotted spider mite

increased transpiration and reduced plant growth. As damage increases, whole leaves turn yellow, and as more cell sap is removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole [...] tomatoes and cucumbers, as little as 30% damage of the leaf surface can lead to loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can [...] brown, or almost black. Males are smaller and more active than the females, with a body that is narrower and more pointed at the rear. Colour is very variable:

Cyclamen mite

enormous damage, and with heavier infestations plant growth is arrested and the flower buds are so badly affected that they shrivel and die. Damaged strawberry [...] other mite family. There are species that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can [...] become brittle, turn brown or silvery and die. Flowers and young fruits become brown near the base. Life cycle and appearance of Cyclamen mite The life