• Cutworms

  with a dark head capsule and prothoracic shield, later they become earth-brown to dingy grey. They are about 1.5 mm long just after emergence and can reach [...] to grey-brown forewings with a faint kidney-shaped marking and a red spot. They have broad hindwings, evenly light or dark grey or orange-yellow with a broad [...] with close-lying hairs. The eggs are white at first but rapidly turn darker. They are laid separately or in batches on the ground, or on the plant close to

• Mottled arum aphid

  sap. However, also at lower densities the aphids can damage plants because they produce large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate [...] aphid Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Reproduction of the [...] circumflexus are usually the same background colour as their parents, but they lack the characteristic black markings.

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are [...] mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium and Phytophthora. They survive as oospores. From these oospores or surviving mycelium sporangia

• Thrips

  strong fliers and can move quickly between plants. They are often found on the undersides of leaves, where they feed on plant sap. Damage: Thrips can cause damage [...] their characteristic "frass," which is a type of waste material that they produce as they feed. The frass looks like small black or white specks on the surface [...] silvering and fruit damage, leading to reduced yield and marketability. Because they reproduce quickly and hide deep within flowers and leaves, effective thrips

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  collapse of plants happens rapidly. Leaves remain green after wilting, until they are completely desiccated. Infected stems show long, dark brown streaks. [...] Clavibacter -infected plants. In tomato, the youngest leaves are affected first. They show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages [...] Disinfect cutting knives and tools Control root rot nematodes as the wounds they make on roots help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes

• Rice root aphid

  can reproduce year-round indoors. However, they can only live a few days without feeding on a host plant and they give birth to live offspring instead of [...] of laying eggs. Damage symptoms Because they suck the plant’s vital sap from the roots, plants infested with rice root aphids will exhibit some or all of

• Buckthorn-potato aphid

  females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of [...] ically. Both wingless and winged forms are produced parthenogenetically. They are usually found in the lower parts of the plants and are not very mobile [...] and females are produced, which return to the primary host buckthorn where they lay eggs for overwintering.

• Cabbage looper

  their legs are confined to the front and rear of the body, they move in a “looping” manner. They take 15 to 20 days to pass through 5 instars, changing colour [...] following stages feed on the tissue between the veins, skeletonizing the leaf. They have a voracious appetite and can daily consume up to three times their body

• Crane flies

  called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do not [...] Adult crane flies are large flies with females reaching 45-50 mm across. They have long, spindly legs and one pair of narrow, clear wings with clearly [...] soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become active again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up

• Green peach aphid

  colour. They appear matt, never glossy. Winged individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a yellow-green to green or even reddish abdomen. They have [...] When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and grow rapidly. When reproduction [...] females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless green peach