Green peach aphid

persicae subsp. persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the

Damping-off

survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Damping-off [...] higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature

Grey mould

fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and cold-resistant structures) in the soil [...] plants or plant parts in a closed plastic bag In tomato: prune with a knife and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead [...] lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) affects the fruit. In potted plants, the cuttings

Beneficial microorganisms

biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful pests [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water, and air. These microorganisms are harnessed [...] bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis . Beneficial microorganisms for pest control How it works Infection and colonization: Beneficial microorganisms start by infecting

House fly

originated in central Asia, the insect expanded its range worldwide long ago as a commensal organism to human populations; the housefly is always found in association [...] breeding site to pupate. Flies in the pupal stage are oval-shaped, with bluntly rounded ends, about 8 mm long and change in colour from yellow to red, to [...] abundant manure production create the ideal conditions for maggot development. In extreme cases, large fly populations can even create public health issues

Caterpillars

them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue. Many species cause damage [...] caterpillars. Some species mine in leaves or bore holes into fruit or stems, making them difficult to detect and control. In addition to consumption of the [...] than 150,000 species, that are easily distinguishable from other insects. Many of the butterfly species that are active during the day can be strikingly

FAQ Nematodes

larvae, especially in the case of large insects. Do entomopathogenic nematodes only work as a soil application? In nature they live in soil and are therefore [...] application. In addition, they use moisture in combination with soil particles to move. Dispersion is not possible without a water film. How long after [...] tank water above 30°C, especially in hot seasons. How long can I save a solution? Once nematodes are resuspended in water, the total volume of the suspension

Beneficial Nematodes against Horticultural Pests

role in the biological control of many pests, keeping fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops free of pests while minimizing chemical residues. In optimal [...] caterpillars, the larvae of sciarid flies and many others. How does it work? After application, the nematodes set out in search of their prey. Once they have found [...] entirely replace the use of chemicals. Koppert started producing nematodes in 1986. Many years of experience have gone into the selection, breeding and quality

Leaf miners

cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants [...] the leaves of plants, creating ‘mines’. There are many species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions [...] The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal among

Plant Pollinator interactions in high temperatures

levels given in Watts. can be reduced if the humidity is too low or radiation is too high. Staying outside the gray and yellow areas in the table in figure [...] Thermal image of a tomato flower in the direct sunlight in April Photo: © Svensson Climate Screens more and more bees stay in the hive to ventilate it, reducing [...] These brown marks can be used to help determine how many hives must be ordered. A single visit results in the transfer of enough pollen for pollination.