Black bean aphid
occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. Life cycle and appearance [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized