Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the [...] After infection, galls are formed which break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no [...] growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative

Potato/tomato psyllid

purple-top disease in potatoes and permanent yellowing disease in tomatoes, both of which are very harmful to the affected crops. Lifecycle and appearance of [...] The eggs are egg-shaped with a bright orange-yellow colour. They are attached to a strand which connects them to the surface of leaves and can be found on [...] white or yellow lines and a distinctive white stripe on the abdomen. They are small in size, around 2.5 mm, and they live between 20 and 60 days.

Beet armyworm

the damage can spread to the stems, and in the worst cases to the fruit. This often leads to the entire contents being consumed. In ornamental crops the [...] regular problem for horticulturalists due to its resistance to nearly all insecticides, and its ability to develop on wild vegetation during the summer. It [...] feed mainly on the growing tips. They produce large holes in the leaf, sometimes stripping the leaf down to the mid-rib. Flowers and buds are also attacked

Pepper weevil

their head and prothorax. Two days after hatching and feeding, they begin to copulate and subsequently lay eggs in the flowers or immature fruit. On average [...] they feed on this fruit, lay eggs, and complete their lifecycle. They must be carefully and continuously monitored, given their ability to cause huge [...] inside the flower bud, they feed on immature pollen. In both cases, they begin to feed one to four hours after hatching. In total, the larva passes through

Crane flies

emerge from the soil in late summer to fall, and females mate and lay 200-300 eggs. Larvae emerge within one week and then feed on roots and crowns of grasses [...] called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do [...] spindly legs and one pair of narrow, clear wings with clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface

Impatiens thrips

egg to adult on the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides [...] Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the leaf tissue. Adults are found on both upper- and undersides [...] sweet pepper, cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens

Rose aphid

is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter [...] aphids. In summer, winged aphids spread the infestation to other rose plants and sometimes also to secondary hosts. Colonies are often present on rose bushes [...] retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on which black sooty moulds develop

Buxatrap

moth into the trap. Once in the trap they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify. Trapping males also aids in reducing the number of eggs [...] Pherodis pheromone dispensers in the canisters Assemble the trap and fix the canisters in the trap Application Place the trap on a stick at a height of 1.5 [...] perspectalis ). Crops Box trees Mode of action The Buxatrap needs to be used in combination with Pherodis pheromone dispensers. The dispensers release a spe

European corn borer

brownish and dark spots with a pale centre at the base of the hairs. The head is brown to brownish black. The pupae are up to 2 cm long and light to dark reddish [...] reddish brown. In Europe, adults appear in June. The eggs are laid mainly on the underside of leaves. The larvae initially feed on the leaves and then bore [...] pest of maize and has also been reported to attack apple, strawberries, peppers and other plants. It is present in Europe, North Africa and North America

Spotted Wing Drosophila

fruit. There are three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii are tan-brown and 3 mm long [...] spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be easily distinguished from [...] its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and Europe where