• Buckthorn-potato aphid

  nasturtii , has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is a major pest of potatoes, where it also transmits viruses. It also attacks a large number of [...] with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] . The major problem in potatoes is the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Buckthorn-potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with

• Sciarid flies

  areas in dark places, with a lot of organic material. They occur the whole year round. The eggs are minute (0.1 to 0.25 mm) and yellowish white in colour [...] roots. The larvae can grow to 5 to 12 mm in length and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter. They are legless and have a conspicuous black head. The head is equipped [...] equipped with biting-chewing mouth parts. Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior

• Cabbage looper

  General Trichoplusia is not only a damaging pest in crucifers, their favourite host, it can also be found in crops such as tomato, pepper, some cucurbits [...] they move in a “looping” manner. They take 15 to 20 days to pass through 5 instars, changing colour from yellowish green to pale green with a white band [...] Pupation takes place in webbed cocoons often on the underside of the host plants. The pupae have a green colour and then change to a coffee brown colour

• Broad mite

  rsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants [...] leaves. In case of a mild infestation, one can often see brown, frequently collapsed spots, or brown stripes forming a fine network on the leaves. In case [...] and cyclamen are also affected. Outside in temperate climates, broad mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to

• American serpentine leaf miner

  cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf [...] American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult fly. Adult leaf

• Greenhouse whitefly

  symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty

• Long-tailed mealybug

  effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order [...] first kept beneath the body in a network of fine waxy threads. Over two or three weeks, a female produces 100-200 nymphs. In the summer, the life cycle [...] such as auxiliary buds and prefers a warm, humid environment. Damage symptoms Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract

• Lesser Mealworm

  feed on spilled feed and chicken waste and are eaten by the chickens in turn, posing a risk for disease transmission, especially Salmonella . These insects [...] hide in wall cracks and other tight spaces, evading routine cleaning and disinfection procedures. Damage symptoms Lesser mealworms congregate in large [...] disease, Newcastle disease, fowlpox, avian leucosis and infectious bursitis a.k.a. Gumboro disease); and avian coccidiosis. They damage the poultry housing

• European red mite

  generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally a problem [...] eggs are about 0.15 mm in diameter, dark red, and oval with small ridges running top to bottom, with a thin stalk on top. They look a bit like an onion. Adult

• Tomato looper

  tomato fruit, often in a bunch of ripening tomatoes, however, it can also be found in the soil. The pupa has a pale green body, with a dark brown ventral [...] The body is sparsely covered with a few stiff hairs. In older caterpillars , each segment has a clear black dot above the lateral yellow lines. There are [...] chalcites ) belongs to the family of Noctuidae . It is a tropical and subtropical species originating in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. The larva is