European corn borer

appear in June. The eggs are laid mainly on the underside of leaves. The larvae initially feed on the leaves and then bore into the upper part of the maize [...] extensive galleries. The larvae pupate in situ in the galleries or in the soil. Fully grown larvae overwinter inside their tunnels in stubble, stalks and [...] pale centre at the base of the hairs. The head is brown to brownish black. The pupae are up to 2 cm long and light to dark reddish brown. In Europe, adults

Western flower thrips

insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted [...] occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop

Crane flies

crowns of grasses during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become active [...] again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up in spring. The larvae pupate below the soil surface in summer. The pupal stage lasts about two weeks [...] General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses

Beet armyworm

es for the growth of the crop. With a substantial population of caterpillars, the damage can spread to the stems, and in the worst cases to the fruit. [...] plants. In both the greenhouse and the field, it is a major pest of sweet pepper. Damage symptoms Older caterpillars migrate to the top of the plant where [...] where they feed mainly on the growing tips. They produce large holes in the leaf, sometimes stripping the leaf down to the mid-rib. Flowers and buds are

Cabbage leafroller

light in colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal, with hairs located in warty spots that are lighter than the general body colour. In general [...] rest, the wings are held folded almost horizontally over the body. The antennae are thin and of medium length. The moths fly when it is dark. The yellow [...] y gerbera. In chrysanthemum too, this species is an increasing problem, and it has caused problems in sweet pepper since the mid 1980’s. In protected soft

Tomato leaf miner

roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses [...] mines, leaving the outer layers of the leaf and stalk intact. Shortly before pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its

Tobacco aphid

on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are 0.7-1.0 times the body length, reaching to the siphunculi. The body [...] crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses [...] of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid

Codling moth

spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or other places in the store. [...] It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen [...] days. The first instar larvae burrow into the fruitlets, often through the calyx. Larger fruits are usually entered through the side or near the stalk

Black vine weevil

instars. Once the temperature rises, the larvae become active again. The full-grown larvae pupate in spring in the soil. The depth where the pupae can be [...] or 7 larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult beetle. In temperate climates in the Northern hemisphere, the first adult weevils appear around May. They [...] October. The larvae that hatch have a white, translucent to pinkish body and a reddish brown head. These larvae live in the root zone in the soil where they

Click beetles

fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following spring [...] laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘wireworms’) are long, thin [...] and feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to