Spotted Wing Drosophila

unripe fruits. The larval development takes place in the fruit. The larvae pupate either fully or partly in the fruit, or outside the fruit on the ground. [...] oviposition, the respiration tubes extend from the fruit but are difficult to see. Larval feeding in the fruit leads to fruit tissue collapse. Even if the fruits [...] fruits have not collapsed, the occurrence of larvae within the fruit makes them unmarketable. The punctures made by the oviposition by D. suzukii exposes fruits

Click beetles

and feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click beetles feed on the roots and bore into the base of plants. This can cause the plants to [...] fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear about 4 weeks after pupation, but usually remain in the soil until the following spring [...] to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘

Black bean aphid

caused through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant. Nymphs [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] betraying their presence in the crop. The black bean aphid is dark olive green to black with black bands across the back. The two cornicles (or siphunculi)

Tomato russet mite

and affected leaves dry out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend. Life cycle and appearance [...] appears to be divided into two parts: the head with the mouthparts, and the rest of the body. All mobile stages have only two pairs of legs, whereas other mite [...] Other members of the plant family Solanaceae may be affected to a lesser extent. Damage symptoms Damage is caused by the mites sucking out the contents of plant

Two-spotted spider mite

to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty [...] to loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can get completely covered with such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and [...] become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced

Cyclamen mite

become brown near the base. Life cycle and appearance of Cyclamen mite The life cycle of the cyclamen mite ( Phytonemus pallidus ) has the following stages: [...] on plant sap by penetrating the plant tissue with its piercing-sucking mouth parts. The mites are mostly found within the flower buds, growing tips and [...] in localized patches, because the mite spreads very slowly. Symptoms vary depending on the host plant and can resemble the damage caused by viruses. Infested

Chafers

General The chafers are beetles of the Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are [...] in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the night the females move to the ground to [...] their eggs. Eggs are shiny and white. The eggs hatch after about four weeks and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae are white-coloured, C-shaped

European red mite

generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] spots (tubercles) at the base of the hairs; males are about 0.3 mm long, yellowish red, and more slender and tapered near the hind end. The development from [...] appearance of European red mite The European red mite feeds mainly on the undersides of leaves but moves to upper leaf surfaces when the lower side becomes crowded

Western flower thrips

buds. Compared to the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more developed wing buds and longer antennae that are curved back over the head. The prepupal and pupal [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop [...] General The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is currently the most damaging thrips species in many greenhouse crops. The western flower

Cabbage leafroller

rest, the wings are held folded almost horizontally over the body. The antennae are thin and of medium length. The moths fly when it is dark. The yellow [...] lighter than the general body colour. In general, the caterpillar has a rather dull appearance. In the fruit of sweet pepper, however, the caterpillars [...] also bore into the plant: young caterpillars eat a path from an opening bud to the growing tip, while older caterpillars eat a hole in the shoot and hollow