• European red mite

  January 1, 1970

  Panonychus ulmi , is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally [...] Rosaceae grown in greenhouses. It originates from Europe (as can be seen from the common name, European red mite) but is now distributed in all important [...] when these coalesce the leaves loose colour; this is often referred to as bronzing. When infestation is heavy, leaves can drop. Life cycle and appearance

• Black leg of seedlings

  January 1, 1970

  General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which are resistant to [...] substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life

• Crop scouting

  January 1, 1970

  Benefits of crop scouting One of the key benefits of crop scouting is its ability to enable early detection and targeted intervention. By identifying problems [...] practices by promoting resource efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. It empowers growers to optimize inputs, reduce waste, and maximize returns on

• Tarnished plant bug

  January 1, 1970

  bug) is native to North America, and it is especially common across the eastern half of the continent, from northern Canada to southern Mexico. It is one [...] off; Leaves developing from damaged buds are ragged and discolored; Flowering is delayed, flowers fall without forming fruit or fruit falls without maturing; [...] and dimpling; Seeds darken and collapse or shrink; Terminal plant growth is yellowed and distorted; Plants develop split-stem lesions; Nodes swell and

• How to protect bumblebees from heat

  January 1, 1970

  rise, it is crucial to ensure effective pollination to support crop production and maintain high yields for growers. To ensure a positive result, it is crucial [...] be reduced if the humidity is too low or radiation is too high. In conventional greenhouses, the recommended humidity range is 60-75%. Due to better air [...] environmental conditions. Above 28°C the pollination capacity is reduced as their activity is focused on cooling the hive. Above 32°C pollination may stop

• How to protect bumblebees in cold

  January 1, 1970

  incubating the brood when it gets colder. Balancing pollination activity and climate To achieve the best pollination results, it's essential to allow the [...] your crops < 0 °C: When it's extremely cold, all bumblebees will remain inside or around the hive to incubate the brood. It's crucial to protect the brood [...] 15 ºC for optimal plant development. When your crop is healthy and the average 24-hour temperature is at least 15 ºC, you can ensure that there won't be

• Tomato leaf miner

  January 1, 1970

  Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has [...] larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat into the leaf at once, tunnelling down into the mesophyll tissue where damage is caused by extensive mines, [...] underside. The late third instar larva, that emerges from its tunnel just prior to pupating, is known as a prepupa. This stage lasts only a few hours.

• Effective thrips control with predatory mites

  January 1, 1970

  insects and mites. It originates from mediterranean regions and therefore establishes fast in warm and moderate to high humid environments. It is available in [...] limonicus Amblydromalus limonicus is a generalist predatory mite feeding on thrips, whiteflies and other small insects and mites. It feeds on all larval stages [...] Transeius montdorensis is a versatile predator, effective against a broader spectrum of small pests, including thrips and whiteflies. It originates from tropical

• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) is encouraged, making it unsuitable for sale [...] and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking [...] es: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight

• Rice root aphid

  January 1, 1970

  wingless form is dark olive-green, with a round body 1.4–2.4 mm long. It lives and feeds on the roots of the host plant. The winged form is about 1.8 mm [...] aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale) is a well-known pest in North America that survives outdoors all year round. It can affect plants grown in both soil [...] other aphids , most of this pest’s life cycle takes place underground, so it may be difficult to identify an infestation. These insects can reproduce