• Caterpillars

  moth flying at night are usually inconspicuously brownish are greyish. Adult butterflies do not damage crops. Most of them feed on nectar. In contrast, [...] species are restricted to a single crop, most are polyphagous. Caterpillar damage Caterpillars can cause serious economic damage. Most species feed on leaves [...] Biological control of caterpillars Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse

• Phytophthora blight

  growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with [...] of Phytophthora blight Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging to the Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They

• Hop

  They are a vigorous grower with the ability to extend up to 20 inches a week, and even 50 ft tall in one season. They are typically trained on strings [...] flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. Hops are the female flowers (seed cones, strobiles) of the plant and are considered the main flavor ingredient in making [...] for flavoring have dictated how long these plants stay in the ground. They emerge each year towards the end of Spring and are harvested near the end of Summer

• Black rot of carrots

  Alternaria causes spots on leaves, petals and stems. These spots can be distinguished by the dark and brown concentric rings that are caused by sporulation [...] and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Black rot of carrots Remove [...] species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several

• FAQ Nematodes

  What are nematodes? Nematodes are microscopically small (0.6 to 1 mm), unsegmented worms that occur naturally in the soil throughout the world. Are there [...] These nematodes are harmless and live of dead organic matter to provide a rich soil life. How do entomopathogenic nematodes work? Nematodes are actively looking [...] Steinernema. In addition, there are a number of other genera and species, but they are found in much smaller quantities. Are the released bacteria harmful

• Aphidius ervi

  Expand all items How to use Aphidius ervi The parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi is available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs [...] its introduction site for at least a few days The dosage of Ervipar depends on climate, crop and aphid density and should always be adjusted to the particular [...] Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for your situation. Best conditions for use of Aphidius

• Grey mould

  Botrytis cinerea ) most common symptoms are grey-brown lesions. The lesions occur on leaves, stems, fruits and flowers. On flowers, usually small round specks [...] may or may not grow into larger grey-brown lesions. The symptoms on fruits, flowers and on various parts of potted plants often only become visible during [...] and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  the affected field and potatoes from other fields on the farm, are labelled as ‘suspect’ that year. On the infected field no potatoes or other Solaneceaous [...] years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems, [...] means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the

• Black leg of seedlings

  subsequently zoospores are produced. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to [...] where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the [...] Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Black leg of seedlings Use resistant cultivars or graft on tolerant cultivars

• Bumblebee pollination

  biodiversity and the overall health of ecosystems Why are bumblebees good pollinators? Bumblebees are very effective and efficient pollinators as they visit [...] more pollen to the stigma than other pollinators. Benefits of bumblebees are: Bumblebees switch between trees and rows while pollinating. This benefits [...] pollination which is often required in various fruit or seed crops. Bumblebees are active from early morning till late at night and also at relatively low t