Thrips

cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 mm), with the largest species found in the tropics. In temperate regions [...] female deposits an egg, she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves [...] Solutions for thrips control Learn more about What are thrips? Several species of thrips are a major problem in greenhouse horticulture. The Western flower

Spider mites and other mites

feeding habits. Plant mites generally thrive in warm and dry conditions, which is why they are often problematic in greenhouses and during hot, dry weather [...] control Learn more about What are mites? Plant mites are a diverse group of small arthropods that feed on plant sap. They are found in a wide variety of habitats [...] mites and false spider mites are typically less than 1 millimeter in size, and range in color from pale yellow to green, brown, or red. They have eight legs

Pepino mosaic virus

can be observed. In Europe, the Chilean strain (CH2) is dominant and present in 90% of the infections. If more strains are found in case of infection [...] which strain – that causes the infection is one them. The moment in the crop cycle when the infection takes place is another factor that might have an important [...] of the damage caused by PepMV is, that it is very intense for a few weeks and then disappears to eventually return later in the season. This means that damage

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical [...] host-range. Race 3 is pretty much restricted to potato and tomato. Whereas other races have optimum temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which [...] solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range

Root rot of carrot

features hence is not easy to place it at the generic level. Årsvoll was the first to identify and describe the fungus in Norway, in 1965. An infection [...] best for in vitro sporulation. Spore germination in vitro requires free water. The pH for growth, sporulation, and spore germination ranges from 3.4 to 7 [...] n of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil that

Fusarium spp.

The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation becomes visible. Fusarium solani is a complex [...] also produce ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop [...] substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent plant stress Ensure that soil drainage is adequate

Powdery mildew

this is where the colonies mostly occur in these crops. In covered roses, the colonies appear first and foremost on the upper side of the leaves. In most [...] mildew. Only in pepper, infection (by Leveillula taurica ) is through the stomata and the fungus grows inside the leaf. Later, the conidiophores in this case [...] spore production, so the net effect of the RH is very small. Wind and draught in greenhouses promote disease. In greenhouses, dispersal of spores over small

Bacterial canker of tomato

infection is mostly from infected propagation material. It spreads to other seedlings by touching the plants in greenhouse crops and by water in field crops [...] General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the infection. In tomato, growers must either destroy the infected crop entirely or,

Fusarium wilt

clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil [...] General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection [...] Furthermore, infection is characterized by excessive root growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics [...] caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue