• Brown soft scale

  flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat

• Fall Armyworm

  leaves appear ragged or torn (similar to hailstorm damage in appearance). Life cycle of the Fall Armyworm Adult moths are 20 to 25 mm long and have a wingspan

• Beet armyworm

  ornamental crops the worst damage is caused by attacks on flowers and buds. Life cycle and appearance of Beet armyworm The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

• Lyprauta

  vegetative stage. The root damage can also form entry points for pathogens. Life cycle and appearance of Lyprauta The adults of the three species can be

• Yellow rose aphid

  viruses attacking strawberries and roses. Life cycle and appearance of Yellow rose aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms

• Japanese beetle

  other crops reduces their vitality and yield and sometimes kills the plants. Life cycle and appearance of Japanese beetle Newly-laid eggs of the Japanese beetle

• European corn borer

  result, heavily attacked plants are smaller and produce fewer kernels per ear. Life cycle and appearance of European corn borer The adults have a wingspan of

• Cutworms

  occasionally tunnel into the growing stalk, disrupting the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have pale grey

• Click beetles

  cause the plants to wilt and die. Damage is more severe in young plants. Life cycle and appearance of Click beetles Adult Agriotis sp. are 6-10 mm long

• Chafers

  often caused by birds and small mammals digging for the grubs to eat them. Life cycle and appearance of Chafers Adult Amphimallon sostitialis are 14-18 mm