Aphids
the progeny of a single female is genetically identical to the mother. In other words, they are clones. Because there is no genetic recombination, different [...] also mate in the autumn and lay eggs which overwinter. Where mating occurs and eggs are laid, the life cycle is termed holocyclic (complete). In greenhouses [...] most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for maintaining