• Whitefly

  plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes leaf yellowing and leads to honeydew deposits that reduce crop quality. [...] settings and in agricultural fields. They feed on the sap of plants, which can cause damage to the leaves and stunting of growth. They can also transmit plant [...] undersides of leaves, where they feed on plant sap. Damage: Whiteflies can cause damage to leaves by feeding on plant sap. This can result in yellowing, wilting

• Pepino mosaic virus

  several strains of PepMV, with varying levels of aggressiveness, but all can cause significant economic losses if not properly managed. Key symptoms of Pepino [...] contact-based life cycle. Entry The virus enters plants through small wounds caused by handling, pruning, or harvesting. Spread within the plant It multiplies

• Western flower thrips

  Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue [...] cucumber crops. In many ornamental crops, even very low numbers of thrips can cause damage by transmitting viruses, or by reducing aesthetic value by damaging

• Crane flies

  mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do not cause any damage. Damage symptoms Larval feeding causes brown spots in grasslands, turf and cereal fields

• Bugs

  Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation [...] The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic substances that they

• Black leg of seedlings

  affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden f [...] temperature. Pythium ultimum mostly occurs at low soil or water temperatures and causes among others cereal diseases. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in

• Onion thrips

  Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue

• European corn borer

  introduced. Damage symptoms Horizontal rows of holes in the young leaves, caused by larval feeding, provide an early indication of European corn borer attack [...] the apical part of maize ears. Larval tunnelling weakens the stalks and causes them to break during windy weather. Larval feeding inside the maize stem

• Impatiens thrips

  Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems, leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower [...] but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting caused by other pathogens. On potato tubers, first discolouration of the vessel