• Apple

  January 1, 1970

  its fruit all over the world. It is the most common cultivated species of the genus Malus . Currently, more than 7,500 known varieties of apples are being [...] ly there exists also a wide range of bi- or tri-colored cultivars. The skin of the apple is protected by a layer of epicuticular wax. Apples usually have [...] there for thousands of years, before European colonists introduced the tree to North America. The deciduous apple tree belongs to the rose family and is

• Aphids

  January 1, 1970

  damage to plants in several ways, and the damage can vary depending on the species of aphid and the type of plant being attacked. The following are common [...] larger than the other. For a large part of the season an aphid population consists of viviparous females. As reproduction is asexual, the progeny of a single [...] throughout the world. Aphids form a single, very large group of insects: the super- family Aphidoidea, belonging to the order Hemiptera . The aphids discussed

• Crop Monitoring and Scouting

  January 1, 1970

  promptly detect the presence of pests and respond accordingly. Benefits of crop monitoring and scouting One of the most critical aspects of crop scouting [...] Understanding crop monitoring and scouting In the world of agriculture and horticulture, the phrase "knowledge is power" couldn't be truer. Crop monitoring [...] can determine the success or failure of a harvest. These essential techniques provide growers with insights into the health and growth of their crops, enabling

• Leaf miners

  January 1, 1970

  quantity of foliage can be lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host [...] belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants [...] There are many species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are p

• Beet armyworm

  January 1, 1970

  es for the growth of the crop. With a substantial population of caterpillars, the damage can spread to the stems, and in the worst cases to the fruit. [...] plants. In both the greenhouse and the field, it is a major pest of sweet pepper. Damage symptoms Older caterpillars migrate to the top of the plant where [...] even black. The colour and pattern of the caterpillars is highly variable and depends partly on the host plant, the stage of development and the climate.

• Orchid

  January 1, 1970

  About The orchid is part of an extremely large and diverse of flowering plants, the Orchidaceae or the orchid family . The plant’s flower are usually colourful [...] no less than 28,000 known species, divided in about 763 genera. In addition, the flowers of orchids come in many different arrangements. Some only have [...] consist of many flowers. The majority of orchids which are commercially sold is tropical or subtropical. There are varieties however that grow in colder

• Beetles

  January 1, 1970

  Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or [...] ladybirds contribute to the control of aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must [...] pupal instar before reaching the adult stage. Larvae have biting mouthparts and mostly feed on the same food as the adults. The pupae do not make a cocoon

• Amblydromalus limonicus

  January 1, 1970

  approximately 0.14 mm in diameter. The larvae have six legs, are the same colour as the eggs, and are only slightly larger. The larvae of Amblydromalus limonicus [...] reproductive capacity Delivers one of the highest predation rates among predatory mites Shows promising potential in the control of invasive thrips species Performs [...] leaves, which is useful for instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish in the crop before the pest appears. Amblydromalus limonicus

• Northern Corn Rootworm

  January 1, 1970

  green in colour. They appear in late July and remain in corn fields until first frost. Females lay their tiny, white eggs in the soil at the base of corn [...] diapause; the eggs of “semivoltine” Diabrotica barberi remain dormant in the soil for two winters. This allows the larvae to effectively skip the field’s [...] predominate in fields where corn is replanted every year. The rootworms undergo three larval instars then pupate in the soil near the corn roots in late June

• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the plant and [...] General The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world [...] affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence