• Mushroom

  which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be observed with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground

• Stable fly

  humid areas with large amounts of decaying organic matter, such as compost piles, hay bales, spilled feed and near the edge of silage pits. As with all flies [...] male and female flies feed on animal blood, and females must be engorged with blood to lay eggs. They are highly mobile insects and can travel up to 20 [...] intermittent feeders, returning time and again to feed off animals in short 2–5 minute sessions. The bites are extremely painful, but the flies will typically

• Eretmocerus eremicus

  lemon-yellow with green compound eyes and red ocelli, measuring about 0.75 mm, while males are slightly smaller, dark yellow to brown, with distinguishing [...] Whitefly control with the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus eremicus Eretmocerus eremicus is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Aphelinidae . This [...] available on cardboard strips as single species ( Ercal ) and in combination with Encarsia formosa ( Enermix ). Open package carefully inside the greenhouse

• Cottony soft rot

  mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also [...] or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. Germination and infection mostly take place [...] the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby creating

• Shore fly

  about 4 to 5 mm long, and stout with short antennae and short legs. The head of the adult has a pair of conspicuous eyes. The wings have grey-brown patches [...] patches. Although shore flies can occasionally be confused with sciarid flies ( Bradysia paupera & Lycoriella ingenua) , they are more stoutly built and have

• Broad mite

  rather large (about 0.07 mm) compared with the subsequent, active stages. They are transparent and speckled with white dots. The larva of the broad mite [...] stems. The growing tips of affected plants acquire a misshapen appearance, with contorted leaves and sporadic brown discolouration caused by cork formation [...] crack open at the site of deformation. Flowers are often discoloured, and with a severe attack, deformed. Extensive damage can be caused by relatively low

• Onion thrips

  into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The colour of the [...] Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is found mostly along the main leaf veins, with most damage evident where these veins join. Fruit damage, for instance in [...] and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared with the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more developed wing buds and longer antennae

• Diglyphus isaea

  prevent the leaf collapsing should it dry out. At first, the pupa is green with red eyes subsequently turning black, and measuring about 1.5 mm. Adult stage: [...] Leaf miner control with the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order [...] visible in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-3 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated at least 3 times at weekly intervals

• Cotton aphid

  cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. The [...] smaller (from 0.9 mm), and yellow or cream-coloured. Cotton aphids have red eyes and relatively short antennae.

• Open field pollination

  crops with a short (one to four weeks) intensive blossom period and which produce a lot of nectar. For early blossoming crops Natupol Trio with extra [...] intensities. Bumblebees visit up to two times more flowers and transfer up to 2,7 times more pollen than honeybees to give growers a flying start to optimal [...] lifespan, communication, and, notably, pollination efficiency. Bumblebees, with their larger bodies and distinctive characteristics, offer several advantages