• Caterpillars

  January 1, 1970

  leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, weakens plants and directly affects [...] damage crops. Most of them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue [...] on leaves and young shoots, and their enormous feeding capacity can rapidly decimate a plant. Very small caterpillars are not able to chew and therefore

• Cyclamen mite

  January 1, 1970

  brittle and smaller than usual. In cyclamen, the flowers are damaged and leaf growth is inhibited. In hedera, a mite attack can cause baldness in parts of [...] flower buds, growing tips and young folded leaves, where the humidity is highest and they are protected from direct sunlight. In such spots, they are difficult [...] growth is arrested and the flower buds are so badly affected that they shrivel and die. Damaged strawberry leaves are wrinkled and irregularly folded.

• Poultry Red Mite

  January 1, 1970

  04 inches) and have long legs. They are typically nocturnal feeders and remain hidden during the day in cracks and crevices, nests, cribs and roosts, egg [...] feather plucking; anemia, which presents as comb and wattle pallor; and death, in extreme cases. Life cycle and appearance of Poultry red mite Belied by its [...] gallinae causes both direct and indirect damage in poultry houses: The loss of vitality due to parasitism reduces hens’ production; and The mite can transmit

• Broad mite

  January 1, 1970

  General The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) [...] of legs in both males and females is different to the others and not used for walking. After moulting to the third larval stage the larvae stay in their [...] aubergine, tomato and cucumber. Additionally, many ornamental crops such as azalea, begonia, gerbera and cyclamen are also affected. Outside in temperate climates

• Mottled arum aphid

  January 1, 1970

  circumflexus , has a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses where it attacks many ornamentals [...] ms, Begonia and Fuchsia, and also sweet pepper. Damage symptoms Large colonies of mottled arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant [...] sis and also result in an unattractive plant with a much lower market value. Neomyzus circumflexus can also transmit plant viruses. Life cycle and appearance

• Rice root aphid

  January 1, 1970

  le) is a well-known pest in North America that survives outdoors all year round. It can affect plants grown in both soil and hydroponic systems. Unlike [...] between plants. Life cycle and appearance of the Rice root aphid Like most aphids , the rice root aphid appears in both winged and wingless forms. The wingless [...] Wilting; leaves become discoloured and yellow. “Honeydew” deposited on the plant by aphids promotes the growth of mould and fungus. Transmission of viral disease

• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The [...] Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world. The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes [...] pepper, tomato, roses, gerbera and poinsettia. Damage symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity

• Bugs

  January 1, 1970

  puncturing leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking mouthparts and extracting nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes [...] extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation, discoloration, and yield loss. Effective bug [...] five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural crops.

• Cutworms

  January 1, 1970

  seedlings. Third to seventh instars become negatively phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars is usually [...] The caterpillars may be encountered in the soil in a characteristic, circular position. Pupa are brown to dark brown and 17-25 mm long. Females are capable [...] black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground

• Lyprauta

  January 1, 1970

  yellow and embedded in a dense web. Adult flies are long and slender and have a dark brown head with short antennae. The thorax is brownish-yellow and the [...] trinidadensis and Lyprauta chacoensis (family Keroplatidae) have been associated with root damage in potted orchids, especially in greenhouses in the Netherlands [...] become black and start to rot internally. Just above the damaged area, the roots produce large numbers of new branches. This ultimately results in a reduced