Mottled arum aphid

arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant through sucking of plant sap. However, also at lower densities the aphids can damage plants [...] excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves can reduce photosynthesis and also result in an unattractive [...] sexual stage in the life cycle. Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish, yellowish or green with black cross bands behind the head, broken

Phytophthora blight

rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since the zoospores can readily move [...] fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering

Aphidius colemani

typical of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right [...] Aphidius colemani The parasitic wasp is available in a bottle ( Aphipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains [...] of the aphid population by the presence of the parasitic wasp also has an effect: the alarmed aphids secrete a warning substance, which affects the entire

Shore fly

cycle of the shore fly ( Scatella tenuicosta ) has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupa and the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and [...] translucent and their body is cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to [...] antennae and short legs. The head of the adult has a pair of conspicuous eyes. The wings have grey-brown patches. Although shore flies can occasionally be confused

Greenhouse whitefly

of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding [...] feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage [...] damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to

European red mite

there can be many generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host [...] roses and other ornamentals of the family Rosaceae grown in greenhouses. It originates from Europe (as can be seen from the common name, European red mite) [...] spots (tubercles) at the base of the hairs; males are about 0.3 mm long, yellowish red, and more slender and tapered near the hind end. The development from

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Chafers

wn in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During the night the females move to the ground [...] General The chafers are beetles of the Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are [...] are a serious pest that can cause substantial damage. The adults are not harmful. Damage symptoms Larval feeding on the roots can lead to yellowing and wilting

Caterpillars

damage to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all [...] family, the Tortricidae. The name ‘leafroller’ refers to the fact that the caterpillars often live in rolled-up leaves. Although some species are restricted [...] are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family containing several species that damage greenhouse crops is the leafroller family

Tobacco whitefly

tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The original [...] of the larvae stadia remain flattened on the leaf. The fourth larva stadium develops into a yellow, almost circular so called pupa, in which the red eyes [...] wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult