Shallot aphid

the aphids often occur at the end of the storage period causing malformation of new plants. Life cycle and appearance of The shallot aphid Aphids have a [...] females of the shallot aphid are 1.1-2.2 mm long and shiny brownish green to dirty yellow. Their legs and antennae are pale, apart from the ends of the antennae [...] aphid is cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding of shallot aphid on strawberries invokes a strong host plant reaction. Infested

Cabbage moth

destroy large numbers of leaves and their frass accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle [...] have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they [...] emerging from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The

Cutworms

usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial cutting. A larva [...] segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is [...] continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire stands of crops, such as cotton or maize. As plants become larger

Two-spotted spider mite

on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of two-spotted spider mite Two-spotted spider [...] ( Tetranychus urticae ) is a pest of many crops throughout the world. Despite their small size, they are capable of very rapidly doing severe damage, due [...] plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced photosynthesis, increased

Brown soft scale

flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat [...] colour of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle of the [...] symptoms The scales produce enormous quantities of honeydew. This is usually the first visible symptom. Because of this, C. hesperidum is often attended by ants

Shore fly

scale that growth, particularly of young cuttings, can be retarded. Life cycle and appearance of Shore fly The life cycle of the shore fly ( Scatella tenuicosta [...] commonly, often in the vicinity of water. They feed on algae. Other shore fly species have diverse feeding habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting [...] mm long, and stout with short antennae and short legs. The head of the adult has a pair of conspicuous eyes. The wings have grey-brown patches. Although

Flies

directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae ( sciarid flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted

Onion thrips

leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into [...] um, gerbera, carnations, bulbs and many others. Life cycle and appearance of Onion thrips Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) develops in six stages: egg, two

Spotted Wing Drosophila

cycle and appearance of Spotted wing drosophila Adult spotted-wing drosophila are small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller [...] tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii [...] General Since the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South

Cabbage looper

Life cycle and appearance of Trichoplusia ni Adults can deposit up to 300 eggs on the underside margins of the upper leaves of plants. The eggs have a spherical [...] sesame and cotton. One of the reasons why this plague can be serious is that the moth is able to disperse widely, reaching distances of up to 200 km. Damage [...] green with a white band on both sides of the body. Pupation takes place in webbed cocoons often on the underside of the host plants. The pupae have a green