Black bean aphid

caused through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant. Nymphs and [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its

Hop

About The hop is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. Hops are the female flowers (seed cones, strobiles) of the plant and are [...] trained on strings up to 25 ft tall. The hop is native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere where currently the most acreage of production occurs. Although [...] how long these plants stay in the ground. They emerge each year towards the end of Spring and are harvested near the end of Summer.

Shore fly

flies of the genus Scatella are a common greenhouse pest found throughout the United States, Canada and northern Mexico. In Europe and Asia, the species [...] the eggs 2–3 days later. These maggots live in and just beneath the algal crust growing on top of the soil/medium, where they feed on algae, bacteria, [...] algae and decaying organic matter on planting substrate. Growers consider shore flies to be mostly a nuisance pest, but the insects can act as vectors for disease

Fall Armyworm

symptoms The developing larvae eat different parts of the host plant, depending on the crop, the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae. On [...] Y-shaped mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the upper surface of the last segment. Pupae are reddish brown and measure 13 to 17 mm in length [...] s of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species causing major damage to cultivated grasses, such as

Two-spotted spider mite

cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents [...] removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole plant, may die. In tomatoes and cucumbers, as little as 30% damage of the leaf surface can lead to loss of the crop [...] contents. The empty dead cells become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction

Impatiens thrips

cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting [...] patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When [...] having spread to many countries within the last 30 years. The thrips have mostly been able to spread as a consequence of the trade in foliage plants. Impatiens

Cutworms

instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the [...] flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have pale grey to grey-brown forewings with a faint kidney-shaped marking [...] darker. They are laid separately or in batches on the ground, or on the plant close to ground level. The larvae are yellowish when hatching with a dark head

Potato

About The word ‘potato’ ( S olanum tuberosum ) is used to refer to the plant itself or its edible tuber. The plant is an herbaceous perennial and came [...] rice. Potato plants grow up to some 60 cm tall. Its leaves die after flowering, fruiting and the development of the potatoes. The plant’s flowers vary [...] came to Europe from Latin America in the second half of the 16th century. Potatoes as a food crop were introduced by the Spanish. Now this starchy, tuberous

Tobacco aphid

also capable of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato [...] a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants [...] on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are 0.7-1.0 times the body length, reaching to the siphunculi. The body

Early blight

occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high RH. Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential