Fusarium wilt

oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts [...] brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable

Potato aphid

from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. The adult potato aphid is a large, slender aphid with long, green [...] quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds

Cabbage leafroller

colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal, with hairs located in warty spots that are lighter than the general body colour. In general, the caterpillar [...] each wing, the more proximal pair almost forming a “V” when at rest. At rest, the wings are held folded almost horizontally over the body. The antennae are [...] medium length. The moths fly when it is dark. The yellow eggs are laid in batches of 10 to 90 pieces and covered with a gelatinous layer on the upper side

Early blight

occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

V10

is positioned below the growing point Using a sponge with a scouring pad wipe and slightly wet the upper surface of the leaf with V10 solution Dosage 0 [...] Preparation Shake the bottle well before use Use a disinfected bucket which is rinsed well with water before use Dilute 0.8 litre V10 with 8 litres of cold [...] Mode of action Following inoculation with V10, asymptomatic PepMV isolates VC1 and VX1 become established throughout the plant. Infection by other PepMV isolates

Fall Armyworm

those with a strong ultra-violet component. Damage symptoms The developing larvae eat different parts of the host plant, depending on the crop, the stage [...] distinct white inverted Y-shaped mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the upper surface of the last segment. Pupae are reddish brown and [...] measure 13 to 17 mm in length. The eggs hatch after 3-5 days. Over the next 2 to 3 weeks, the larvae pass through 5-6 stages and the pupal stage takes 9-13 days

Glasshouse potato aphid

deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause [...] length exceeds that of the body. The legs are also long, there are two distinctive dark green spots on the abdomen at the base of the cornicles. Alate (winged) [...] growth above with lumpy leaves and curled leaf margins. The immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow

Mottled arum aphid

Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish, yellowish or green with black cross bands behind the head, broken along the midline, and a large [...] before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Reproduction of the mottled arum aphid is entirely [...] greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant through sucking of plant sap. However, also at lower densities the aphids can damage plants because they

Yellow rose aphid

Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to [...] quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black sooty moulds [...] ng fruit and ornamental crops. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. The yellow rose aphid is also a vector

Black rot of carrots

spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves