General The lygus bug (or tarnished plant bug) is native to North America, and it is especially common across the eastern half of the continent, from northern Canada to southern Mexico. It is one of t
General The western corn rootworm ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ) is a chrysomelid beetle originating from North America, where it is regarded as the main pest of maize. Nowadays it is present in m
Overview It is a pest of huge economic importance, which initially affected potatoes and in recent years has become a problem for other Solanaceae crops such as tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, and toba
Biological control of flies Flies are a common pest problem in greenhouse and field crops, where they disturb plant growth, spread diseases and affect crop hygiene. Their larvae can damage roots and g
Biological control of caterpillars Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosyn
Biological control of beetles Beetles can cause serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced growth and yield loss. Effective beetle con
Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation, discoloration, and yield loss. Effective bug co
Biological control of mealybugs and scales Mealybugs and scale insects are persistent pests that feed on plant sap, weakening crops and producing honeydew that leads to sooty mould. Infestations reduc
Biological control of aphids Aphids are among the most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for ma
populations by feeding on them or their eggs. Rotate crops and plant diversity – outdoor crops Avoid continuous cropping of susceptible plant species. Rotate
